A 2007 cross-sectional study found a prevalence of Type 2 DM in an indigenous population in the central valley of Mexico of 4.4%. There has been limited research on Type 2 DM and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican indigenous populations, and even less emphasis on MetS. The ENSANUT-Medio Camino 2016, a mid-point national survey, determined the diabetes prevalence to be 9.4% nationally, and 9.6% in rural northern areas of Mexico. Mexico has the fifth highest number of individuals with diabetes, after China, India, the United States and Brazil, with diabetes accounting for the leading cause of morbidity. According to data from the 2006 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2006) the prevalence of MetS could be as high as 49.8% in the overall adult population.
In Latin America, there is a MetS prevalence (weighted mean) of 24.9% (range: 18.8–43.3%). Diabetes prevalence has almost doubled in the last 35 years globally, and it is estimated that between 10 and 40% of the world’s adult population has MetS. The prevalence of these two conditions continues to increase in parallel. It has been shown that there is a five-fold increased risk in Type 2 DM development among those with MetS. MetS components underlie cardiometabolic diseases increasing the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and even mortality. Entities including the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the World Health Organisation and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), have developed MetS diagnosis guidelines. MetS refers to a cluster of factors including central obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and hypertension, where the presence of at least three of these factors indicates MetS. Type 2 DM is a chronic disease with hyperglycemia as a hallmark. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are global public health problems. These findings support the need for community-inclusive health-promoting interventions in rural communities. The prevalence of Type 2 DM and MetS was high in this rural and indigenous population, and education was shown to play a critical role. Additionally, the presence of MetS was associated with being female (AOR = 2.27 95% CI 1.23, 4.14) and having lower educational attainment (AOR = 0.62 95% CI 0.37, 0.94). After controlling for age, higher educational attainment had a protective effect on Type 2 DM (AOR = 0.39 95% CI 0.20, 0.77). Thirty-seven percent of adults had high blood pressure. Participants were 75% female and 60.7% self-identified as indigenous. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age and body mass index of study participants was 35.8 ± 13.0 years and 28.7 ± 5.6 kg/m 2, respectively. The prevalence of Type 2 DM and MetS was 21.8 and 53.1%, respectively. Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio (AOR), using logistic regression modeling, were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A total of 275 participants (≥18 years old) underwent a questionnaire, physical examination, and serologic test. MethodsĪ cross-sectional study was conducted in the community of San Quintin, Baja California, Mexico, among a sample of households. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and identify correlates of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a rural, indigenous community in Northwestern Mexico. The measurements used in research are the automatic stations of Comisión Nacional del Agua, at sites of Tijuana, La Rumorosa, Ensenada, Mexicali and Bahía de los Ángeles.Diabetes is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Mexico and understudied among indigenous populations. The Santa Ana wind increases significant wind speed in short periods of time, and their presence varies from days to weeks, while the North American Monsoon decreases the wind speed, and occurs during the summer for a period of months. Both the meteors were presented every year, while changing the predominant wind direction and wind speed. A filtering method was applied to the data to display more details of each phenomenon. The presence of them was observed in wind speed and the wind direction time series was obtained from meteorological stations. For this aim, a literature search of the meteorological phenomena known as Santa Ana winds, and of the North American Monsoon, was performed. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of some meteorological phenomena on the wind potential of Baja California.
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